Extraction, Fractionation, Antimicrobial Screening, Phytochemical Analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopic Characterization of Daniella Oliveri Leaf

Abstract

Medicinal plants have been discovered for decades and used in traditional medicine practices ever since 
prehistoric times. Numerous phytochemicals with established or potential biological activity have been 
identified in plants. The objectives of this work is to determine the Antimicrobial Activities, Minimum 
Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Phytochemical constituents and the FT-IR of the fractions of Daniellia 
oliveri. The Antimicrobial screening was determined using agar well diffusion method. The Crude 
methanolic extract obtained was fractionated into N-Hexane, Ethylacetate, Dichloromethane and N
Butanol. The phytochemical screening was done using standard methods. The IR absorption spectra were 
recorded in the 4000-650 cm-1 range on a perkin-Elmer FT-IR spectrometer model 2000 using KBr pellets. 
The result of the FT-IR  analysis shows the presence of different functional groups. The result of the 
Antimicrobial screening shows that at 10 mg/mL the crude extract was active against Salmonella typhi with 
Zone of inhibition of (±16 mm) which compares favourably with the control (±17 mm), Escherichia coli 
(±17 mm) compares favourably with the control ciprofloxacin (+18 mm). The result of the antimicrobial 
screening shows that the fractions have activity against different microorganisms. The phytochemical 
screening of the extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, total phenol, tannins, cardiac 
glycoside and alkaloid in trace amount. The result of the FT-IR analysis shows the presence of different 
functional groups for the fractions.  The absorption bands for n-hexane fraction have wave numbers of 3339 
cm^-1 (O-H stretch), 2854-2921 cm^-1 (C-H stretch), 1611 cm^-1 (C=C stretch) and 1447 cm^-1 (C-H bend) and the Ethyl 
Acetate fraction with wave numbers 3204 cm^-1 (O-H stretch), 2921 cm ^-1 (C-H Stretch), 1201-1287 cm^-1 (C-O 
stretch). These functional group from the Spectral shows that there are active compounds present in the 
fractions.