Sustainable Approach of Enhancing Concrete Performance Using Palm Bunch Ash

Abstract

This study investigates the sustainable utilization of Palm Bunch Ash (PBA) as a partial replacement for 
cement in concrete to enhance its performance while promoting eco-friendly construction practices. Various 
concrete mixes were prepared with PBA replacement levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%, and their 
compressive strengths were evaluated at curing ages of 7, 14, 21, 28, 60, and 90 days. The results 
demonstrate that while the control mix (0% PBA) exhibited the highest early-age strength, mixes containing 
PBA showed progressive strength gains over time, with the 10% replacement mix (A1) achieving 
comparable or slightly higher strength than the control after 60 and 90 days. Higher PBA contents (20% 
and 30%) resulted in lower early strength but displayed promising strength development at later ages. These 
findings highlight the potential of PBA as a sustainable supplementary cementitious material that can 
improve long-term concrete performance while reducing reliance on traditional cement, thereby lowering 
carbon emissions and contributing to environmental conservation in the construction industry.